MY CIVIL ENGINEERING BASICS

Earth quake An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. Earthquakes are measured using observation from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe.                                The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or large was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in japan In 2011(as of march 2011),and it was the Japanese earthquake since records began. One of the most devastating earthquake in recorded history occurred on 23 January 1556 in the Shaanxi province, China,Killing more than 830,000 people. Fault or...

          ROOF :-- (1) A roof is the uppermost part of a building whose main function is to enclose the space and to protect the same from the effects of weather elements such as rain, wind, sun, heat and snow.    (2) A good roof affords protection for the building itself and what the building contains and prevents deterioration starting from the top. (3) A roof is part of a building envelope. It  is made by :- Asphalt Shingles are made of various materials such as wood, slate, flagstone, fibre cement, metal, plastic, and composite material such as asphalt shingles. Ceramic roof tiles, which still dominate in Europe and some parts of Asia, are still usually called tiles. TYPES CONSTRUCTION :- The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof rises from its lowest to highes...

CIVIL ENGINEERING BASICS;- 1.     minimum thickness of slab is 125mm. 2.   Dimension tollerance is +2 mm. 3,    Free fall of  concrete allowed maximum to 1,50mm, 4,   PH value of water should not be less tha 6. 5.   Compressive strength of BRICK is 3.5N/mm2 6.   In steel reinforcement concrete wire required is 8KG per MT. 7.   Longitudinal reinforcement not less than 0.8% and more than 6% of gross  C/S.   DENSITY;-                  BRICKS-1600-1920KG/m3                  CONCRETE BLOCK-1920KG/m3                  REINFORCE  CONCRETE-2310-2700KG/m3